Machine for perforating a tape, feeding it, and attaching snap fasteners thereto



Dec. 19, 1950 c. LOVERCH 2,534,360

MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO Filed May 11, 1945 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. CHARL L. LOVERCH ATTORNEY.

Dec. 19, 1950 w c. LOVERCH MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO l2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 11, 1945 CHARLES L. Lot/5R6 ATTORNEY.

Dec. 19, 1950 c. L. LOVERCH FOR PERFORATING A TA MACHINE FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTE S THERE Filed May 11, 1945 12 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

V (mass L. Love/9c Dec. 19, 1950 c. L. LOVERCH 2,534,360

MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT, AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO Filed May 11, 1945 l2 Sheets-SheetA INVENTOR. CHARLES L. L OVERC/l ATTORNEY Dec. 19, 1950' c.'| LOVERCH MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO 12 Shgets-Sheet 5 Filed May 11, 1945 u I78 /80 m IN V EN TOR. CHARLEJ L. La 1/500 ATTORNEY.

l2 Sheets-Sheet 6 L. LOVERCH ERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO MACHINE FOR P Dec 19, 1950 Filed May 11, 1945 Dec, 19, 1950 C. L. LOV NACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

ERCH

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO Filed ma 11, 1945 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 I 336 I l I l l I I IZA 4 E4 IN VEN TOR. Cf/ARLEJ L. LOVE/PC QLA/JZM A TTORN E Y.

Dec.. 19, 1950 c: LOVERCH 2,534,360

Fl .7 .J j'

MACHINE FOR PERIEORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO Filed May 11, 1945 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 [W /Al 3&8

IN V EN TOR. CHARLEJ L. L OVA-RC6 424 BY 435 I 408 ATTORNEY.

INVENTOR. CHAR/.55 L LOVEfiC/f l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 ATTORNEY.

LOVERCH AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO MACHINE FOR PERFQRATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

Dec. 19, 1950 Flled May 11, 1945 Dec. 19, 1950 c. LOVERCH 2,534,360

, MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDI IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THER Filed May 11, 1945 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 Fig/15A.

firroreusy Dec. 19, 1950 c. LOVERCH 2,534,360

MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEEDING IT,

AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO Flled May 11, 1945 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 fi 252 n 250 Z 5 2 54 Ml. INVENTOR. y 1' a 5 CH5 2. .5.: L. LOVRCH O I UL {x25 Z Z 661004 A TTORNEY.

Dec. 19, 1950 c. L. LOVERCH MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE AND ATTACHING SNAP FASTENERS THERETO Flled May 11, 1945 Wm M EV V0 .m L m m a A TTO RN EY.

Patented Dec. 19, 1950 MACHINE FOR PERFORATING A TAPE, FEED- ING IT, AND ATTACHIN G SNAP FASTEN- ERS THERETO Charles L. Loverch, Brooklyn. N. Y., assignor to Harry Alfandre, New York, N. Y.

Application May 11, 1945, Serial No. 593,293

9 Claims.

This invention relates to a machine for producing snap-fastener tape.

The primary object of the present invention is the provision of a machine for automatically attaching the companion parts of snap fastener elements to a tape in spaced relation thereon, the machine having a continuous operation and including means for feeding the tape in timed relation to the operation of the means for attaching the companion parts of the snap fastener elements thereto, whereby to produce in continuous fashion indefinite lengths of the snap-fastener tape.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a machine of the character described which is constructed so as to be operable for producing tape carrying either female snap fastener elements or the companion male snap fastener elements. anee with this object of the invention, provision is made in the machine whereby the latter can be readil adapted, by the provision of simple replaceable parts for producing either the female snap-fastener tape or the male snapfastener tape.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a machine of the character described which is so constructed in respect to the various parts and mechanisms thereof as to be efiicient and reliable in operation.

The above other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be fully understood from the following description considered in. connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front perspective view of a machine embodyin as present invention;

Fig. 2 is a rear perspective view of part of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a side perspective view of part of the machine, looking at the left hand end of the machine seen in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a front perspective View of part of the machine;

Fig. 5 is a sectional View on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 5;

Jig. 7 is a view of part of the mechanism at More particularly, in accord-,

Fig. 10 is a sectional View on the line ifllil of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a sectional View on the line H-ll of Fig. 4 when the machine is adapted for producing female snap-fastener tape;

Fig. 12 is a sectional view, on a larger scale, on the line !2--|2 of Fig. l, the machine being then adapted for producing female snap-fastener tape, and also showing on a larger scale part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 1. in the relation of the parts for attaching the companion parts of the female snap-fastener elements to the tape;

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 12, showing the parts adapted for producing male snapfastener tape, however;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of certain parts shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a sectional view on the line l5-i5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 16 is a rear view of part of the machine as seen along the line iii-i6 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 17 is a sectional view on the line i'l-l! of Fig. 1;

Fig. 18 is a top plan view of the parts illustrated in Fig. 17;

Fig. 18A is a fragmentary section taken on the line i8AI8A of Fig. 18;

Fig. 19 is a sectional view on the line |9l9 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 20 is a sectional view on the line 2c 2n of Fi 3;

Fig. 21 is a fragmentary top View of the hopper for the apertured disk parts of the female snap fastener elements;

Fig. 22 is a sectional view on a larger scale on the line 2222 of Fig. 21;

Fig. 23 is a sectional view on a larger scale on the line 23-43 of Figs. 21;

Fig. 24 is a sectional view on the line 24-24 of Fig. 22;

Fig. 25 is a sectional view on a larger scale on the line 2E--25 of Fig. 24;

Fig. 26 is a view of one side of the male snapfastener tape produced by the machine of the present invention;

Fig. 27 is a view of the other side of the male snap-fastener tape;

Fig. 28 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 2828 of Fig. 27;

Fig. 29 is a sectional view of one of the companion parts of the male snap fastener elements in the condition of said part before it is attached to the tape and the companion male snapfastener; I

Fig. 39 is a view of one side of the female snap-fastener tape produced by the machine of the present invention;

Fig. 31 is a view of the other side of the female snap-fastener tape;

32 is an enlarged sectional View on the line 32-S2 of Fig. 31, showing in do ted lines the end portion of the socket part of the female snap-fastener element before it is attached to the tape and the companion disk part of the female snap fastener element.

The male snap faste er ape produced by the machine of the present invention comprises a length of fabric F folded upon itself into a plurality of plies (Figs. 2-3 to 28) and having attached thereto in spaced relation a plurality of male snap-fastener elements or studs, each of which includes an outer part it and an inner part i2, each having a hollow stem pro ided with flanges i4 and i6, respectively, between which the tape is clamped. lhe stem of the part E2 of the male snap fastener element extends t1 rough an. opening 58 in the and is fitted into th'- hollow stem of the or-"er male snap fastener It, as illustrated in r 28. 29 shows cylindrical of the stem 52A of the l part 42 of the male fasaener element in t condition of said part before it is attached to t -e tape and to the companion male snap fasten part it, and it will he noted that as a result attaching the inner male snap fastener part if to the tape and to the companion male fastener part ill, the stern 52A is bent or upset from its originally cylindrical form (Fig. 29) to corn form to the approximately spherical or rounded contour of the outer end portion of the SJEill of the companion part i ed thi being acccmplis in the operation of the machine of the present invention as will be subsequently described.

The female snap-fastener tape TE also corn prises a length of fabric F folded upon itself a plurality of plies (Figs. 39 to 32) and ca; g the usual female snap fastener each of which includes a socket member and a dish member between which the tape is clamped in the usual way, the socket member 2 having a hollow stem 25', which passes through opening 58 in the tape. Fastener part 22 has the cross section illustrated in Fig. 25 and is provi ed with a central aperture 2'5 through which stem 2 projects. In the condition of socket member fore it is attached to tr e tape and to the cornelongated form indicated by the end ortion shown in dotted es in Fig. 32, and in section Fig. 12 and said swm is inwardly constricted b tween its opposite ends circiunferentially theraround as indicated at 23 in Fig. It wi understood that wh n the socket member is attached to the tape and to the companion disl: part by the machine of the present inventi end portion is flattened down clencl? as indicated at 28 in Fig. 32, onto the ma. ginal edge portion of the compani i tured disk 22 around erture 23 therein clamping said the part 25 to the Each usual spring parts f i stud of the companion male snao .-.s.st ment the usual snap action.

The machine for producing fastener tape and the male silap-fasleiie TM or similar tapes will now be described. machine comprises suitable as bench or table "is (Fig. l), on the top of which is i mounted a plate lil having secured thereto supports 52 and e l to which is secured a rigid supporting plate 36. The fabric F, in non-folded condition, is drawn from a supply roll (not shown) through a conventional folder '53 (Fig. l) and from the latter over the top of frame plate longitudinally thereof through a guide men ber 59 adjacent the point or station at whi n the snap fastener elements are attached, and through guide and detent devices and 5% (Figs. 1 and l), mounted on and spaced longitudinall of frame plate -35. Each of the guide devices 52 and E1, underneath which the folded tape passes, has a pivoted plate 55 provided with a serrated edge which engages the upper surface of the tape for preventing retractive movement thereof. illustrated in Fig. l, a heated pressing iron is positioned between folder 43 and guide and detent device 52 for ironing and thereby sharp ,1 creasing the edges of the folded tape as it issues from t 1e folder.

The folded tape is pul ed intermittently longitudinall of frame plate to and from the station at which the comp-..nion parts of the snap fastener elements are attached to the tape and to each other, the snap fastener elements being attached during the periods at which the tape is at rest between the successive feeding movements of the tape. The intermittently operable tape feedin means comprises a head 62 (Figs. 1 and 9) mounted for sliding movement on the top of frame plate 4% longitudinally thereof. A member is positioned below frame plate 55 in slidablc engagement therewith (Fig. 9) and has a part 5 3 thereof projecting upwardly through a longitudinal guide slot EB in plate id, which part is secured to head said part having a sliding fit in slot whereby head 62 and member are guided for movement longitudinally of n" plate. I. Member 63 als has an upwardly projecting part 63 (Fig. 9) which is secured to head 52 and slidebly engages the straight longitudinal rear edge of frame plate said part 68 being secured to said head 62. Member 53 is provided with a depending lug ll, and a bracket is rigidly s cured to and depends from said lug. A recicable actuating bar it is positioned in a groove in bracket '52 9) and is securely attached to said bracket by a clamping member 3 fastened in position in any suitable way as one or more screws Bar i l mounted for longitudinal sliding movement in similar grooves in the front faces of ends 32 and of support 42 (Fig. 1) and in ends as and 8'! of support id, being retained in said groove by straps such as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 15. Upper and lower tape grippin members 58 respectively, in the head 62 and on a guide block H5, respectively (Figs. 9 and 10), are moved predetermined distances longitudinally of 1 ciprocatory bar i l and are also reciprocated t ward and away from each other, now to be c scribed, for engaging the opposite sides of e tape for ripping the latter while said rippig members are moved longitudinally of frame plate as, said gripping inembe's being moved from each other and thereby released from the tape after each fee-ding movement of the tape so that said gripping members may return to their initial positions longitudinally of frame plate '15, while being clear of engagement with the tape and with the fastener members following each feeding operation.

Gripping member 83 is fixed to a plunger c2 (Fig. 1%) which is guided for reciprocation in a guide 94 on the head 52. The head 93 for the plunger 92 is connected by links 98 with the bifurcated ends 99 of a lever I95 which is pivoted in the bearing part I02 of the head 62 by a pivot screw I54. A spring I56 resiliently opposes the lowering of gripping member 88 toward the tape and urges said gripping member into its retracted position away from the tape (Fig. 9). Lever ice is operated by an oscillatory bar Hi8 (see also Fig. 1) which engages said lever and is adapted to rock the same in a counter-clockwise direction. viewing Fig. 9, for projecting gripping member 83 into engagement with the tape. The end of lever I00, which is engaged by bar I63, is provided with a roller I It] to reduce friction between said lever and bar during the movement of lever its longitudinally of bar I58 when head 62 is reciprocated longitudinally of the frame plate Bar IE8 is fixed at its opposite ends in crank arms H2, mounted on an oscillatory shaft I Hi.

The lower gripping member 95 is mounted on the above-mentioned guide block H5 for movement in a longitudinal slot H8 in frame plate 46 toward and away from the companion gripping member 88 (Fig. 9). Guide block H6 is integral with or otherwise carried by member 53 for movement with the latter lon itudinally of frame plate 46. Gripping member so is moved toward the companion gripping member 8% by a reciprocable bar I 28 having a forward cam edge 222 engageable with a pin I2 4 fixed to said gripping member 90. A spring I26 (Fig. 10) opposes the movement of gripping member h ll to its projected position toward gripping member 88 and urges said gripping member 96 to its retracted position when the cam edge I 22 of bar Hit releases pin I24. Bar I25 is mounted on member 53 and is guided for reciprocation laterally of frame plate 46 toward and away from gripping member 9%) by pins I28 which are carried by member 53 and extend through slots I35, respectively, of said bar. It will be understood that bar I26 moves with head 62 longitudinally of frame plate 56, as well as transversely of frame plate 45 toward and away from gripping member Said transverse movement of bar I29 is effected by the oscillatory bar I88 which extends through the upward slotted extension I32 of bar E25. Thus, when bar Hi3 is rocked clockwise, viewing Fig. 9, lever Ito is operated to lower or project gripping member 88, and bar I is operated to move forwardly of the gripper un t so that its inclined end $22 will raise or upwardly project gripping member (iii. When bar I58 is rocked in a counter-clockwise direction, bar I is withdrawn from the gripping member 98 so that spring I25 is permitted to move said gripping member to its retracted position, while at the same time, spring I95 returns gripping member 88 to its retracted position and holds the outer end of said lever in engagement with bar Shaft H4 is oscillated from a rotary shaft I34 (Fig. 1) carrying a gear 535 which is in per manent mesh with a gear i3 8, fixed to the main driving pulley Me which is connected by means of a belt M2 with an electric motor (not shown) or other means for operating the machine. The mechanism for oscillating shaft H4 from rotary shaft I34 comprises crank arms Hi l and I 55? to shaft H4 (Fig. 3) and operated by links and I55, respectively, each of which has a slotted end I5I (Figs. 3 and 26) through which shaft I3 5 extends so that said links are guided for movement transversely of shaft I35. Cams I52 and I54, which are fixed to shaft I34 and rotated thereby, are engaged by rollers I55 and I56, re-

spectively, on the links I48 and I50, respectively. The cams I52 and I5 3 are so coordinated with the parts I56, I53, I44 and I58, I59 and I45, respectively, that shaft Ii l is oscillated positively in both directions. Rotary shaft 234 also is adapted to reciprocate bar i l by which the head 52 is reciprocated longitudinally of frame plate 46. The mechanism provided for this purpose comprises a rotary transverse shaft I55 (Fig. 1) driven by shaft I i-ithrough the meshing bevelled gears I52 and E5 5 fixed to shafts I34 and I55, respectively. Shaft i ifi has a crank arm I55 connected by a link I68 to bar id. Thus, when shaft I34 is rotated, actuating bar is is reciprocated and bar I638, which projects the tape gripping members (Fig. 9) 88, 515i toward each other and controls the retraction of said tape gripping members is oscillated in proper timed relation, to be described hereinafter, to the reciprocation of bar I l whereby to intermittently move the tape to and from the station at which the snap fastener elements are attached to the tape, with an intervening rest period durin which the tape is stationary for the attachment of the fastener elements or members thereto.

The machine includes means for punching the holes it through the tape at points spaced longitudinally thereof, for the reception of either the stems EZA of the male snap fastener parts I2 or the stem 2% of the female snap fastener parts 2%. The hole punching means H comprises a head IIIl (Figs. 3 and 5) slidably mounted on the top of frame plate 45 for movement longitudinally thereof. Head Iii is connected to a bracket and guide member :72 positioned below frame plate 35 in slidable engagement therewith. Member I72 is secured to head ilein any suitable way as by screws IM and H5. Said member I72 has a guide part iii? which slidably engages frame plate 25 in the longitudinal guide slot iiiii therein (Fig. 5), and said member also has a guide part 682 which slidably engages the straight rear edge "In of frame plate 55. A cylindrical punch 18% integral with or otherwise carried by a plunger I (Fig. 6) is mounted for reciprocation in the cylindrical guide it of head ilii. Plunger 135, which carries punch E36, is reciprocate-d in guide head I88 by a forked lever IQfi, mounted for pivotal movement on head 5 58 by means of a pivot screw I52. The forked ends Hi l of lever I99 are pivotally connected with links respectively, and the latter are pivotally connected with the head 698 of plunger E56 (Figs. 4, 5, and 5). A spring i 9% resiliently opposes the descent of plunger as caused by lever 55% and aids in lnOVlIlg said plunger to its retracted position.

Punch Hi l cooperates with a die 2% (Fig. 5) provided with a circular bore 252 which receives the end of the punch when the latter is projected through the tape for punching the holes therein. Said die is mounted for movement longitudinally of frame plate 45 in unison with head I'EQ, and for this purpose is positioned in the part 224 of member H2 and carried by a screw 256 which is provided with a continuous longitudinal bore in alignment with the bore 252 of die 2&8. Said bore in screw 255 allows the punch ings removed from the tape to be expelled from the die so as not to clog the same. Part 204, in which the die 2% is positioned, slidably engages frame plate ii-5 in longitudinal slot 298 therein, said slot constituting a guide for part 294. Screw is removably secured to member I72 by a hollow screw 2I0 which is in threaded engagement with said screw and with member I12. A

look nut 212 is preferably provided on the screw 219.

The screw 2% is, by virtue of its threaded engagement with the hollow screw 2 it, angularly adjustable in the latter. Member H2 is reciprocated longitudinally of frame plate at by bar M, whereby head lid is reciprocated in unison with head e2. Bar is to this end secured in a groove Bi l of a block 2i6 by a strap m (Fig. and said block 26% is secured to the depending part 223 of member H2 in any suitable way as by one or more screws 222. Lever ldfi is rocked positively in opposite directions on its pivot M2 for projecting and retracting punch i8 1. For this purpose the outer end of lever use, which is provided with a roller 22 i, is engaged alternately by the oscillator bars 223 and 228 (Fig. 3) disposed in laterally spaced relation. Said oscillatory bars 225 and 228 are secured at their opposite ends in crank members 23%) fixed to and oscillated by shaft lid. By the means thus provided for operating punch i8 3, a hole is punched in the tape while the latter is moved longitudinally of frame plate as by the above described tapefeeding means, and punch I8 3 is preferably projected through the tape at the start of each feedis withdrawn from the tape to allow the return movement of head llll which carries the punch.

The two parts of each snap fastener element are attached to the tape at a hole punched therein, this operation being performed while the tape is intermittently stationary. The machine will first be described with reference to the attachment of the companion parts 2?} and 22 of the female snap fastener elements. The companion parts 21) and 22 of the elements are supplied from hoppers 232 and 23d, respectively, of the rotary brush type, the apertured disks 22 being supplied from hopper Z32 (Figs. 1, 2, 22 and 23), and the socket parts 28 being supplied from hopper 23 (Figs. 2 and 3). One of the rotary brushes with which each hopper is provided is indicated more or less diagrammatically at 236 in Fig. 24, further illustration being considered unnecessary since hoppers of the brush type are well known and do not per se form part of the present invention, except in the respect hereinafter explained. Hopper 232 is stationary, being mounted in any suitable way to any fixed part of the frame, for example, to the top of the bracket 238 (Fig. 1) which i mounted at 240 on a plate 2 32 that is in turn, suitably mounted on the side of head 244 which is mounted on the frame it. A chute or raceway 2% extends downwardly from the bottom of hopper 2'32 to the station at which the parts of the snap fastener elements are attached to the tape (Figs. 1, 2 and 4). By reference to Fig. 2, it will be noted that raceway 246 has an upper curved part the upper end of which communicates with the outlet of the hopper. Accordingly, while the snap fastener element parts 22 leave the hopper 232 in inverted position, that is in the position illustrated in Fig. in which the concave side of part 22 is lowermost, said parts are in upright position in the part of the raceway forwardly of curved part 24-8 thereof, or forwardly of bracket 238 (Fig. 1), thus reaching the station of attachment in upright position as illustrated in Fig. 12.

In accordance with the present invention, hopper 232 is provided with means to prevent the parts 22 from leaving the hopper except in the referred to inverted positions thereof. For this purpose, the hopper has an outlet member 2255 (Figs. 21 and 23) provided with an outlet opening 252 which has a size and shape corresponding to the cross section of inverted part 22 at the diameter thereof (Fig. 23) so that parts 22 can pass through outlet opening 252 only when they are in inverted position. It will be understood that only one part 22 can pass through opening 252 at one time. A guide member 25 3 is provided at the inner surface of peripheral wall 256 of the hopper 232 in a portion thereof which leads to the hopper outlet. The lower edge of guide member 25 3 is bevelled or cut away as indicated at (Figs. 22 and 25) providing a space at the peripheral edge of the bottom 260 of the hopper adjacent the lower edge or" the inner surface of peripheral wall 253, into which correctly positioned parts 22 project while being brushed toward the hopper outlet 252. Thus the peripheral edges of the correctly positioned parts 22 e disposed cioser to the hopper outlet 252 while on the other hand, when parts 22 are in upright or incorrect position on the bottom of the hopper, said parts approach the hopper outlet they are spaced inwardly of said outlet by he guide member 254 and are brushed past said outlet 252 in the direction of rotation of brush thus leaving the hopper outlet 252 clear for the access of inverted parts 22 to said outlet, so that said inverted parts are brushed through said outlet.

The lower or discharge end of raceway 246 is positioned as shown at 246a in Fig. 18A, i. e., at i t er-element attaching station at which an anvil member 252 is located (Figs. 4, l2 and 18), and the groove 2651) in the base plate of the raceway 256 extends to the front edge of member 262 and surrounds the same in the fashshown in Figs. 18 and 18A. Parts 22 are individually discharged from raceway 245 under the control of mechanism hereinafter to be described, said parts being deposited individually and positioned at the top of member 252 below the tape at the hole punched therethrough (Fig. 12). To aid in properly positioning each part 22 on member 262 as said part 22 leaves the raceway 2%, or if said part should come to a stop in the position at the discharge end 25641 of the raceway as shown in Fig. 18A, finger members 26d and see (Figs. 4 and 18) are provided. Member is arranged to engage part 22 when it is at the end of the raceway (Fig. 18A) for pushing part 22 onto member 262, and member being beveled at 285 (Fig. 1'?) moves underneath the adjacent tape and over said part 22 to prevent the latter from jumping from the end of the guide groove 2 5% above member (Figs. e and 18A). Finger members 26 and 265 are reciprocated toward and away from each other, said finger members being moved clear of the opposite side edges of the tape after they are operated accurately to locate a part 22 on memher 282. Finger 2:38 is integral with, or carried by, a bar 258 mounted for sliding movement in a guide groove 2m in the top of frame plate 45 (Figs. 18, 18A and 4). The finger 25% itself is also guided in a narrow slot M in the bottom of the raceway (Fig. 18A). Bar 268 is connected to one arm 2'62 of a bell crank lever mounted for pivotal movement on the top of frame plate it by means of a pivot screw 235. The outer end of arm 2 2 is provided with a longitudinal slot 276 in which a pin 273, carried by the outer end of bar 268, projects, said pin being movable longitudinally of said slot during the pivotal movement of the bell crank lever for reciprocating bar 2% and finger 2% thereof. The other arm 28!! of the bell crank lever is provided with a longitudinal slot 282 in which slides a pin 28d fixed to the transverse reciprocable actuating bar 288. Said bar 286 is mounted for sliding movement on shaft I34 (see also Fig. 17) and on the shank of a pin 283 projecting from a supporting member 29%! (Fig. 18) secured to the bottom of frame plate 46. Bar 285 is provided with slots 292 and 294 (Fig. 17) to allow said bar to reciprocate transversely of shaft I35 and pin 288. Finger member 254 is carried by a reciprocable plate 2% (Figs. 4 and 17) mounted for sliding movement at the bottom of frame plate 46 on pins 298 fixed tosaid frame plate db, said plate 296 having grooves 36%] to allow movement of said plate transversely of the shanks of said pins 2% which extend through said slots. As shown, finger Zt-i is fastened in any suitable Way, as by screws 302, to the top of a spacer block 36% so that said finger is slidable on the top of frame plate 36 (Figs. 4 and 17). The mechanism for reciprocating bar 2% comprises cams 3% and 3GB (Figs. 17 and 18) fixed to and rotated by shaft ltd and engageable with rollers 310 and 3l2, respectively, said rollers being mounted for rotation on shouldered screws 3M and 3h), respectively, secured to and projecting laterally from the opposite sides of bar Plate 296, which carries finger 2566, is reciprocated by bar 285 in unison with the reciprocation of finger 2%, and for this purpose, said plate is provided with spaced depending fingers tit (Figs. 4, l7 and 18) which are engaged by a laterally projecting in 32f] carried by the front end of bar 286.

The socket parts 23 of the female snap fastener elements are supplied from the hopper 23% moving from the latter down the raceway 322 to the discharge end thereof (Fig. 4) where the foremost part 25 is yieldingly held against removal from the raceway 322 in a manner described hereinafter. These snap fastener element parts 26 are removed, one at a time, and in a manner described hereinafter, from the lower or discharge end of the raceway by a pin or spindle 32d, and are projected through the hole in the tape and through the aperture in the com panion disk-like part 22 of the female snap fastener element (Fig. 12). Pin 324, shown in detail in Fig. 11, is provided with an end portion to conform to the shape of a portion of socket part 2d of a part 20 (Fig. 12), and a peripheral groove 32% is provided in the end of pin to receive the spring portions 36 of snap fastener element part 20 (Fig. 12). Pin 32 is slidable in a bore 330 provided in a tubular stem 332 (Fig. 11) removably fixed by a set screw or in any other suitable way to the hollow reciprocable plunger 336 (Figs. 1 and 11). The upper end of pin 324 is provided with a head 338 which is slidable in a bore 348 of plunger 336. and a compression spring 34 3 engages the head 2% of pin S42 and holds the latter against the upper end 348 of said bore, said spring also engaging the head 333 of spindle 324 for resiliently opposing upward movement of the latter in bore ass of stem 332. The upward movement of spindle 324 against the action of spring 34:3 is limited by the engagement of the head 338 of said spindle with the lower end of stop pin 342.

A stop pin 342 is positioned in said bore When the plunger see descends, spindle 32's impales the lowermost element part 2d at the discharge end of the raceway, as hereinafter described, and thereafter, as the plunger continues to descend, projects the stem of part through the aligned opening 25 in the tape and through the aperture in the companion element part 22 on the member 262, whereupon the lower end 35E? of stem moves into engagement with part 25 (Fig. 12) and holds the latter clamped tightly against the tape without, however, forcing spindie 32 i downwardly beyond the socket forming portion 2 (Fig. 12) since spindle yields 1ongitudinally of stem 332. This position of the parts is illustrated in Fig. 12. In this position of the parts, however, the head 3533 of the spindle 324 is, or is about, in engagement with the stop pin 3G2, wherefore said spindle is then at the inner limit of its yielding movement relative to the stem 332. Vi/hen the parts are thus positioned, a plunger 352 (Fig. 12) reciprocable in the bore 3% of member 262 is operated to upset the end portion 28A of element part 22 and clench the same into engagement with the inner marginal edge portion 35 of the companion element part 22. Plunger is operated by a mechanism illustrated in Fig. 15. As shown in Figs. 15 and 18A, plunger 352 extends downwardly through member 2232 and through a guide member threaded into, and thereby secured in, a, supporting bracket 358 positioned below frame plate it, said guide member 35% being further secured by a lock nut 3536. Member 2&2, on which parts 22 are successively positioned described above, is mounted in a support (see also Fig. 18A) which is removably secured in bracket 358 by a set screw see (Fig. 15). The lower end of plunger 352 is provided with an abutment collar 3% which is engaged by one end of a spring 358, the opposite end of which engages a collar 53 on guide member 353. Spring 3% moves plunger 352 downwardly to its retracted position and resiliently opposes the projection of said plunger by pin 352, collar 3% of plunger 352 being constantly in engagement with the adjacent end of said pin 372. Said pin M2 is carried by an arm El i fixed to a rock shaft bid which is mounted in a suitable bearing below frame plate 46 and extends longitudinally thereof. Rock shaft tit is provided with an actuating arm 328 to which a transverse reciprocable bar 386 is pivotally connected. Bar 33?: is operated in one direction by a cam 382, fixed to and rotated by shaft !34, said cam being engageable with a roller 38G carried by said bar 335. A slot 338 is provided in bar tilt? to allow the latter to move transversely to shaft i3 3. When bar Still is moved to the left, viewing Fig. 15, arm 3M is operated to project plunger 352 against the pressure of spring 368 for flattening portion 28A of snap fastener element part 26} and clenching the same against the companion element part 22, thus completing the attachment of element parts 2! and 22 to each other and to the tape. Thereafter cam 382 moves out of engagement with follower roller 38d and allows spring 3 58 to retract plunger 352.

When the parts It and 52 of the male snap fastener elements are to be attached to the tape for forming male snap-fastener tape, supporting member 262 (Figs. 12 and 15) is removed from holder 352, and inserted and firmly secured in the latter by the set screw se l is a die 3% (Fig. 13) having a socket 39b shaped to the contour of the rounded end of the stem or stud of male snap escapee fastener part l3. Also, plunger 352 and spring 358 (Fig. 15), used in attaching the female snap fastener part 2f to the tape and to the companion snap fastener part 22, are removed, this being permitted by the retraction of threaded pin 312. It will be understood that the male snap fas tener parts it are supplied from a hopper and raceway mounted in the positions of hopper 232 and raceway 2% (Figs. 2 and 4), said hopper and raceway for parts it being substantially the same as hopper 232 and raceway 266 except that the hopper for parts it is not provided with the special outlet 252 and guide 25:3 (Figs. 21 and 23) provided in the hopper for parts 22. Hoppers of the rotary brush type and raceways for elements having a shank and a flange are well known and therefor need not be described as they do not in themselves form parts of the present invention. The hopper and raceway for parts E2 of the male snap fastener elements are supplied from a hopper and raceway mounted in the position of hopper 236 and raceway 3122. Further exchange of parts in the machine for forming male snap fastener tape TM (Figs. 26 and 28) is undertaken as follows. Spindle 322 is removed from stem 332 (Figs. 11 and 12) and is replaced by spindle 392 (Fig. 13) which has an end portion 396 shaped to fit within the hollow stem 12A of the male snap fastener part 12. When spindle 392 is used, the abutment pin 322 (Fig. 11) is removed from the plunger 336 so as not to limit the upward movement of spindle 394 against the spring in the bore 3% of said plunger 336. When the plunger 333 descends end portion 3965 of spindle 353 i impales a snap fastener part I2 at the discharge endof the corresponding raceway, and as the plunger continues to descend stem E 2A of part 12 is projected by spindle 325 through the opening -3 in the male snap-fastener tape, and upon the completion of the downward stroke of said plunger 33% the lower end 352 of stemSSZ, through engagement with the flange N5 of part l2 (Fig. 13), forces stem 12A into the hollow stem of the companion snap fastener part H3 in socket 398 of the die 388 and upsets and shapes the outer end portion of stem l2A to conform the same to the inner surface of the rounded end portion of the hollow stem of snap fastener part it, and at the same time the flange it of snap fastener part i2 and the flange M of the companion snap fastener part it are clamped against the opposite sides, respectively, of the tape (Fig. 28).

Plunger 335 which may interchangeably carry spindle 322 or 392 in the secondary plunger 332, as explained (Figs. 11 and 13), is actuated by a lever 393 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) pivotally mounted for oscillation on a pivot Gilt carried by the head 244 of the machine. The forward end of lever 398 is pivotally connected by means of links 422 to the upper end of plunger 33%; which is axially slidable in the head 22 of the machine. The opposite end of lever 39B is pivotally connected with a rod the which is driven by an eccentric pin 42% (Figs. 2 and 3) on a rotary disk 428 on a shaft Alf (Figs. 1 and 2) driven by pulle 56f). Eccentric pin 4% is mounted by means of a screw 401' on a central projection 428 of the disk 408, the axis of said screw 22? being eccentric of the axis of rotation of disk 428. Disk 408 also operates a rock shaft 612 (Figs, 2 and 3) which is mounted in a bearing ile carried by the machine head 244, one purpose of shaft 352 being to pivotally move raceway 322 about its pivot mounting 418 (Fig. 2) in timed relation to the operation of plunger est reimoving the discharge end of raceway 322 out of the path of said plunger 33% as the latter descends after a snap fastener part (2t or 52) in the lower end of said raceway is engaged by spindle 526, or spindle 39 when the former is re placed by th latter. An arm 458 is fixed to the forward end of rock shaft M2 (Fig. 2) and carries a follower 422 which engages raceway for thus pivotally moving said raceway. Raceway 322 is held by the force of its own weight against follower 42%] of arm H8, so that it follows said arm H8 when the same is turned in a direction to allow the return of the discharge end of the raceway to a point below spindle 3-2 or spindle 394, whichever is carried by plunger 2-556. An actuating arm 422 is fixed to the rear end of rock shaft M2 (Figs. 2 and 3) and engages the cam face 424 of rotary disk 368 (see also Fig. 16), said cam face being formed on the margin of the disk around projection 689 thereof. The end of arm 422 is held resiliently in engagement with the cam disk face 424 by a rod 32:": which pro jects through a slot 428 in the machine head 2 55 (Fig. 3) and has a collar 4% which is engaged by a compression spring 432 (Fig. 16). Rod 225 is connected to arm $22 by means of an eye e38 (Fig. 3) formed on the end of said rod and fa..- tened by a screw 465] and a retaining nut M2 to the end of the arm 422.

Referring new again to raceway 246 (Fig. 2), provision is made as hereinbefore indicated to allow only one snap fastener element ill or 22, as the case may be, to be discharged. from the raceway during each cycle of operation of the machine. For this purpose, the raceway is provided with the control device 442 (Figs. 4, '7 and 8). Said device comprises a plate 646 mounted for reciprocation transversely of the raceway plate 446 being slidable in a groove M8 provided in a holding member 450 (Fig. 8) suitably fa tened to the back of the raceway. Said plate 46-5 carries a pair of stop pins 452 and 454, respectively, which reciprocate in bores G55 and 258, respectively, in the raceway, into and out of the path of parts IE or 22 in the raceway, each of said pins, when in the projected position thereof, extending into the longitudinal slot 459 of the raceway, and being clear of said slot when said pins are in their respective retracted positions. It will be understood that a series of the snap fastener element parts It) or 22 are discharged into the raceway 24% from their respective hoppers, and gravitate therein as far as pin 352 (Fig. '7), the discharge of the snap fastener element parts downwardly beyond said pin 452 being controlled by device 4534'. In this connection it will be understood that when plate M6 is moved to the left, viewing Fig. 7, the lowermost snap fastener element part on top of the pin 52 in the raceway is disengaged and therebyreleased by said pin 452 so that it can move to the discharge end of the raceway, and that during this movement of plate 465-, pin 45% is moved to its pro- J'ected position and thereby prevents the next lowermost snap fastener element parts from moving down the raceway. On the other hand, when plate 446 is moved to the right, pin 454 is retracted and pin 452 is projected so that the lowermost fastener element part in the raceway is positioned to be released upon the next movement of plate 445 to the left, as will be readily understood.- Plate {146 is reciprocated in proper timed relation to the operation of the machine by a link 452, pivotally connected at one end thereof to plate 446 and pivotally connected at 13 its opposite end to an arm 464 (Figs. 2 and 3) fixed to rock shaft 4I2.

Either fastener part or E2 is removed by the spindles 324 and 394, respectively, from the discharge end of the raceway 522, in that the descending spindle first impales the respective fastener part while the latter is still in the discharge end of the raceway, and the impaled fastener part is removed from the raceway and is carried downwardly on the spindle when the raceway has sufiiciently retracted from the spindle to clear the fastener part impaled on the latter.

In accordance with the present invention, pro vision is made for preventing the accidental removal of a snap fastener part I 2 from spindle 224 after the former is impaled on the latter and removed from the discharge end of raceway 322, as above described. For this purpose, one side of the discharge end of the raceway 322 carries a block 466 (Figs. 2, 4 and 19), having a downwardly inclined face 458 (see particularly Fig. 4) which engages the flange of the impaled part I2 and acts to force it onto the spindle with suflicient force to prevent its dropping from the latter after the snap fastener part clears block 466 on continued descent of the spindle Std. To this end also, the raceway 322 is, under the control of the cam face 424 of the disk 408 (Fig. 2), retracted from the descending spindle 394 at a speed re lated to the speed of descent of the spindle 394 and the inclination of the face 468 so that the inclined face 468 of the block 463 on the raceway performs the above-described function of forcing the impaled part I2 more firmly on the descending spindle 394.

When the machine is set for the production 0. female snap fastener tape TF (Figs. to 82), the raceway 322 discharges snap fastener parts 20 (Figs. 12 and 32) which carry the spring elements 36. In that case, the spindle 324 will be at its groove 328 (Fig. 12) become yieldingly interlocked with the spring elements 36 of each snap fastener part 2i] as it impales the same at the discharge end of the raceway 3322 for its described removal from the raceway. Hence, block 466 at the discharge end of the raceway 322 is not needed in any way when the machine produces female snap fastener tape TF, though this block 466 need not be removed from the raceway 322 for the production of female snap,

fastener tape TF, as it interferes in no wise with the correct performance and cooperation of the raceway 322 and spindle 324.

A pivoted retaining member 416 is provided at the lower end of the raceway 322 for resiliently retaining the snap fastener parts 26 or I2, as the case may be, in the discharge end of the raceway until they are removed, as above explained, by the respective spindles on the plunger 336. A spring 412 (Fig. 4) engages one end of the retaining member 476, which is pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on a pivot 414 on the raceway 322, and holds the opposite end of member 416 resiliently in engagement with the lowermost fastener parts in the discharge end of the raceway (Fig. 19) until the foremost fastener part therein is removed from the raceway by the corresponding spindle on the plunger The rotary brushes 2% for the hopper 232 are rotated by a pulley 416 (Fig. 1) connected to a driving pulley 416 by a belt 436 which passes also over guide pulleys 482. The rotary brushes for hopper 234 are rotated by a pulley 484 (Fig. 2) driven by a belt 486 connected to a pulley 483 14 (Fig. 16), guide pulleys 499 and 492 (Fig. 2) being provided for said belt. Driving pulleys 418 (Fig. 1) and 488 (Fig. 16) are fixed to and are driven by shaft 4Ili which is driven by the main drive pulley Hit.

The operation of the machine is as follows. Main driving pulley 14% (Fig. l) is maintained in continuous rotation by the belt E42 leading to a motor (not shown). This maintains shaft I34 in continuous rotation. Shaft fe l, through gearing I62, I64 maintains crank 56% in continuous rotation. The tape feeding means 853, st (Figs. 1 and 9) intermittently pulls the tape material F from a supply roll (no shown) through the folder 48 (Fig. 1), then underneath the heated pressing iron 58 which sharply creases the edges of the folded tape, and then over the frame plate 46 past the fastener setting station at which the companion parts of the snap fastener elements are attached to the tape and to each other.

The tape feeding means it, fill are reciprocated longitudinally of the frame plate 4% for intermittent advances of the tape on the frame plate. To this end, the feeding means is drivingly con- 5;. nected through head t2, member 23, clamping member ill and actuating bar l4 (Fig. 9) with the power-driven crank I56 (Fig. 1) through intermediation of the bar l4 (Fig. 9) and link 1583 (Fig. 1). Substantially at the start of a forward or feed stroke of the feeding means 83,

953 in the direction of the arrow 25 in Fig. 1, said feeding means 28, Elli are forced into gripping engagement with the finished tape F between attached snap fastener elements thereon, this be- 'ing accomplished by the bar I68 (Fig. 9) which is carried by the crank arms 5 E2 on the rock shaft i I 4 (Fig. 1) that is rocked back and forth through its connection with the driven shaft E34 (Fig. 3) This connection comprises the cams I52 and I54 on shaft 534, the followers E58 and 58, the links I48 and 45d, and the crank arms H44 and 542 on shaft H4. The feeding means 83, 26 are, substantially at the start of a feed stroke thereof, forced into gripping engagement with the tape F when the bar IE8 is, by the action of the cams I52 and I54, rocked clockwise as viewed in Fig. 9, whereby feeding means 88 is lowered int engagement with the tape F through intermediation of level Idil, links 98 and plunger 92, and feeding means 92 is raised into engagement with the tape F through intermediation of bar E28 and pin I24 on said means 951. The cams I52 and I54, which cause the rocking of the bar its, are so designed that bar its remains in the angular position into which it has been rocked, until the feeding means 38, 2B reach substantially the end of their feed stroke, during which time the feeding means 88, 96 remain in gripping engagement with the tape F. Thereafter bar Hi8 is, by action of the cams I52 and I154, rocked back into the position shown in Fig. 9, whereby the feeding means 63, 99 are returned to their retracted positions away from the tape for their return stroke longitudinally of the frame plate 46 by bar 14. I

While the tape F is intermittently fed forwardly by the tape feeding means 88, 99, the folded tape F is subjected to a punching operation from the hole-punching means generally designated H in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5. The action of the hole-punching means I24, 2% (Fig. 5) upon the tape F is as follows. The hole punch I 84 is operated from the bars 226 and 223 (Fig. 3) through intermediation of lever ital and links I96. More particularly, the operative or hole.-

aecigseoi punching stroke of the punch lfitiis accomplishedby the oscillating bar 228i substantially at. the

start oia forward or ieedstep of the tapeF, and

the punch I84 is not withdrawn from the tape F until substantially the end of the feed step of the'latter, the cams i522 and its, which control the oscillation of shaft H4 that carries the bars 228 and 228, being accordingly coordinatcd'with the the actuating bar it, connected tothe punching. means by strap. 268 (Fig. 5), controlsthe movement of the tape-feeding means 38, 9t and of the hole-punching means E82, 285i longitudinally of the frame plate 48.

As'earlier mentioned, the tape F has a rest periodbetween intermittentfeed steps thereof, i. e., while the tape ieedingmeans 88, 9t)? and the hole-punching means 53 i; 292 are returned, oppositely to the direction of arrow in Fig. 1, to their respective starting positions for the next advance of the tape F, During each of these rest periods of the tape F, the companionparts 2 3 and 22 (Fig. 32) of the female. snap fastener elements, for instance, are, by the attaching means generally indicated M in Figs. 1, 2, 3,. 4 and 12, attached to each other and to the tape F at a hole previously punched therein by the holepunching means I85, 26$.v Prior to the operation of the attaching. means M the lowermostpart 22 of the female snap fastener elements inthe U raceway 24$.isre1eased therein for gravity de scent toward the. member 262 (Figs. 4,- l2 and 18A) on retractionof the pin 352(Fi s. 7 and 8) from:.the slot M35 in the raceway Z itby the action of the cam disk 4G3 and through intermediation of the'arm 454 on the rock: shaft-M2 and the, link. see (Fig. 2). Thus, after the release in.the raceway 24b ofthe lowermost part 22 therein, the latter may slide in the remainder of the raceway into a position similar tothat shown in Fig. 18A, or mayslide directly on top of member 252 slideontop of member 2221 and then rebound somewhat from the adjacent end wall of the guide groove 24th in the base plate of the raceway 248 into a position similar to that shown in Fig.- 18A. The finger members 256 and (Figs. 4 and- 18) then perform as follows- After the lowermost snap fastener part 22 has been released in the raceway 24 5 and gravitated toward the member 262,. as above described, finger mem ber 256 is, by the action of the cam 328 (Fig. 17-) advanced in slot 2 lfic in the raceway (Fig. 18A), whereby the released part 22 will be pushed by finger member 26% onto the top of membe1'262,

unless the snap fastener part 22 has, on itsre lease in theraceway, gravitated all the way to the top of member 282 and has remained thereon.

The finger member 28 is thus advanced by thecam-operated bar 28'(1 igs.- l7 and 18) throughintermediation of bell-crank lever 2'52, 232 and bar 2'68 with which finger member in the present instance, integral. Simultaneously with the advance of finger member. 226, the finger member is advanced by the pin 329011 bar 286 .(Figs. 17 and 18) from the position shown in Fig. 18 into a position above member 252, In thus advancing finger member the same will move 'over member 262 when a released part 22 in. the raceway 258 will be pushed (into the of member 232 by the finger member thus preventing said. part 22 from jumping away from the. top of member 2 2 if said part has to be pushed onto the top of member262 by therapidly advancing finger member. 266.

crank 5256 which, through intermediation of and remain thereon, or may first when a snap fastener part 22, after its release inthe raceway 24$, slides all the way into position on the member 2652, and even if it should slightly rebound from that position as above explained, its gravity descent. toward the member 262 in the bottom end of the raceway is irictionally sufficiently retarded in the latter to prevent said part 22 from jumping from the guide groove 26% in the base plate of the raceway. Thus, the explained partretaining function of the finger member 26 3 is required only whenever a released snap fastener part is pushed onto the top. of member 262 by the finger member 266, since the latter is advanced so rapidly that a part 22 pushed thereby may, in the absence of the finger member 2%, jump from the guide groove 24Gb on its rebound from the front end wall of the latter. The tape F on top of the frame plate 4% would not always prevent the. occasional jumping of a snap fastener part from the top of member 262, and it is for this reason that finger member 2% has been provided. As soon as a released snap fastener part 22 is positively located on top of the member 262, the finger members 286 and 265 are retracted by the action of the cam 3% (Fig. 17).

At the beginning of an operation of the attaching means M, the spindle 32d descends, on the downward stroke of plunger 336, from its uppermostrposition and impales the foremost, resiliently held part 26 of the female snap fastener elements in the discharge end of the raceway 322, in the course of which the spring elements to in the impaled part 22 become yield ingly interlocked with the groove 328 in the spindle 32%. As soon as part 22 is thus impaled and yieldingly locked on spindle 32 i, raceway 322 is rocked away from spindle 32 3, by the action of the cam face 1324 of disc 238 and through intermediation of arm 4H3 on rock shaft 412 with its actuating arm 322 (Fig. 2), whereby the impaled part 23 is removed from raceway 322 and will be carried solely by the continuously descending spindle 324 into the position upon the tape F shown in Fig. 12. Continued descent of the plunger 33% (Fig, 11) into its lowermost position will bring the bottom face see of stem 332 into engagement with part 29, as shown in Fig. 12. The plunger 352 (Fig. 12) is thereafter moved upwardly by the pin 3T2 (Fig, 15), the armslil i and Sit on rock shaft 3'56, the bar 330 with its roller 384, and earn 382 on driven shaft Hie. When the plunger 352 is thus raised, the same flattens the portion 28A of the snap fastener part 26 and clenches the same against the companion part 22 (Fig. 32), thus completing the attachment of the parts 22 and 22 to each other and to the tape. Thereafter, cam 322 moves out of engagement with roller 384 and allows spring 368 (Fig. 15) to retract plunger 352 to the position shown in Fig. 12. Plunger 33S and the parts 32 and carried thereby are then also retracted to uppermost position by the action of the eccentric pin tilt which through the rod 586 rocks the plunger-operating arm 398' (Fig. 2). The foregoing cycle of operation of the machine is repeated as long as the machine is powerdriven, as will be readily understood.

While I have shown and described the preferred embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise than as herein specifically illustrated or described, and that in the embodiment herein disclosed, various changes in the details of construction and in the arrangement of parts may be made'without departing from the underlying 

